AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs are exfoliating acids used in skin care to improve skin tone and texture. While they are all chemical exfoliants, each works differently depending on how well they penetrate the skin and their specific properties. Here’s a look at each type and what they do:
1. AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acid) – Alpha-Hydroxylated Acid
- Origin : Fruit or sugar cane extracts (e.g. glycolic acid, lactic acid).
- Function : Exfoliates the skin's surface by removing dead cells, promoting a smoother, more radiant complexion.
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Benefits :
- Ideal for dry and dull skin, as it increases water retention.
- Improves the appearance of fine lines, pigment spots and acne scars.
- Precautions : AHAs can make skin more sensitive to the sun, so using sun protection is essential.
2. BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid) – Beta-Hydroxylated Acid
- Origin : Mainly salicylic acid.
- Function : Penetrates deeper into pores, dissolving sebum and impurities. Especially suitable for oily or acne-prone skin.
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Benefits :
- Effective in reducing blackheads, pimples and blemishes.
- Ideal for oily skin, as it helps regulate sebum production.
- Precautions : Like AHAs, BHAs can also make skin more sensitive to the sun, requiring sun protection.
3. PHA (Poly Hydroxy Acid) – Poly-Hydroxylated Acid
- Origin : New generation of exfoliating acids, such as gluconolactone.
- Function : Act like AHAs but more gently, because their larger molecules penetrate less deeply.
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Benefits :
- Ideal for sensitive skin that does not tolerate AHA or BHA well.
- Gently exfoliates and hydrates, while having antioxidant properties.
- Can be used by reactive skin, or those prone to redness.
- Precautions : Less risk of photosensitivity, but sun protection is still recommended.
How to use them?
- Frequency : Start with 1-2 times a week to get your skin used to it. Gradually increase if your skin tolerates it well.
- Combination : Preferably use only one type of acid at a time to avoid irritation. AHA and PHA can be used together alternately, but BHA is often used alone.
- Sun protection : Crucial after using chemical exfoliants, especially AHAs and BHAs which make the skin more sensitive to UV rays.
Popular products containing AHA, BHA, and PHA:
- Some By Mi AHA-BHA-PHA 30 Days Miracle Toner : Gently exfoliates and is suitable for all skin types.
- CosRX AHA/BHA Clarifying Treatment Toner : Ideal for beginners wanting gradual exfoliating results.
These exfoliators, when used properly, can transform skin tone and texture by removing dead cells, refining skin texture, and leaving a natural glow.